FTDT Calculator — Canadian (CARs Division III)

Updated: 2026-08-08 07:02 ET · Audited: 2026-06-26

The CARs Calculator determines Flight Duty Period (FDP) legality for Canadian airline operations (CARs 705) based on the regulatory limits in CARs Part VII, Division III (§§700.19–700.72).

Calculator files: ALPAMobile.Application/Services/FlightTimeDutyTime/FTDTCalculator_CAN.cs + CAN/Rules_700_CAN.cs (1908 engine; ALPAMobile.Domain/Data/Models/FlightTimeDutyTime/CalculatorRest_CAN.cs serves the legacy path only) · Scope: Subpart 5 (705) — Airline Operations only

Engine status: The 1908 rules engine ships behind GatedFTDTCalculationEngine — Release builds default to the legacy engine, DEBUG builds default to shadow mode (both engines run, legacy result surfaces; see ALPAMobile/Helpers/AppPropertiesFeatureFlags.cs). The §700.42 timezone-dependent rest logic is implemented but dormant until the backend airports API ships timezone fields (ALPAMobile/Services/DataManagerAirportLookup.cs; backend ask tracked as ALPA Services AB#2371).

vs. Part 117: CARs §700.28 uses average flight duration as the primary FDP table selector, then number of flights as the column. Part 117 Table B uses number of flight segments directly, with no duration-based table split.

Maximum Flight Time (§700.27)

Time Period	Maximum Flight Time
24 consecutive hours (single-pilot only)	8 hours
28 consecutive days	112 hours
90 consecutive days	300 hours
365 consecutive days	1,000 hours

§700.27(2) — Aggregation: Flight time from all flight operations (not just current employer) must be included. For augmented flights, the total flight time of the entire flight counts for each augmented crew member.

vs. Part 117: CARs §700.27 does not define separate flight time limits per FDP by time of report (no Table A equivalent). All limits are cumulative. Part 117 Table A limits per-FDP flight time by start time (8 hrs at night, 9 hrs during day).

Maximum FDP — §700.28 Table Selection Logic

Table selection precedence:

Day VFR — If all flights are day VFR → Table 4 (§700.28(9))
Average duration < 30 min → Table 1 (§700.28(2))
Average duration ≥ 30 min but < 50 min → Table 2 (§700.28(3))
Average duration ≥ 50 min → Table 3 (§700.28(4))

§700.28(6) Positioning exclusion: Positioning is not counted as a flight for FDP table column selection.

§700.28(8) Standby FDP start: For a crew member on standby, FDP begins when they report for duty at the location designated by the air operator.

Table 1 — Average Flight Duration < 30 Minutes (§700.28(2))

Item	FDP Start Time	1–11 Flights	12–17 Flights	18+ Flights
1	00:00–03:59	9 hrs	9 hrs	9 hrs
2	04:00–04:59	10 hrs	9 hrs	9 hrs
3	05:00–05:59	11 hrs	10 hrs	9 hrs
4	06:00–06:59	12 hrs	11 hrs	10 hrs
5	07:00–12:59	13 hrs	12 hrs	11 hrs
6	13:00–16:59	12.5 hrs	11.5 hrs	10.5 hrs
7	17:00–21:59	12 hrs	11 hrs	10 hrs
8	22:00–22:59	11 hrs	10 hrs	9 hrs
9	23:00–23:59	10 hrs	9 hrs	9 hrs

Table 2 — Average Flight Duration ≥ 30 min but < 50 min (§700.28(3))

Item	FDP Start Time	1–7 Flights	8–11 Flights	12+ Flights
1	00:00–03:59	9 hrs	9 hrs	9 hrs
2	04:00–04:59	10 hrs	9 hrs	9 hrs
3	05:00–05:59	11 hrs	10 hrs	9 hrs
4	06:00–06:59	12 hrs	11 hrs	10 hrs
5	07:00–12:59	13 hrs	12 hrs	11 hrs
6	13:00–16:59	12.5 hrs	11.5 hrs	10.5 hrs
7	17:00–21:59	12 hrs	11 hrs	10 hrs
8	22:00–22:59	11 hrs	10 hrs	9 hrs
9	23:00–23:59	10 hrs	9 hrs	9 hrs

Table 3 — Average Flight Duration ≥ 50 Minutes (§700.28(4))

Item	FDP Start Time	1–4 Flights	5–6 Flights	7+ Flights
1	00:00–03:59	9 hrs	9 hrs	9 hrs
2	04:00–04:59	10 hrs	9 hrs	9 hrs
3	05:00–05:59	11 hrs	10 hrs	9 hrs
4	06:00–06:59	12 hrs	11 hrs	10 hrs
5	07:00–12:59	13 hrs	12 hrs	11 hrs
6	13:00–16:59	12.5 hrs	11.5 hrs	10.5 hrs
7	17:00–21:59	12 hrs	11 hrs	10 hrs
8	22:00–22:59	11 hrs	10 hrs	9 hrs
9	23:00–23:59	10 hrs	9 hrs	9 hrs

Table 4 — Day VFR Operations (§700.28(9))

Item	FDP Start Time	Maximum FDP
1	00:00–03:59	9 hrs
2	04:00–04:59	10 hrs
3	05:00–05:59	11 hrs
4	06:00–06:59	12 hrs
5	07:00–12:59	13 hrs
6	13:00–16:59	12.5 hrs
7	17:00–21:59	12 hrs
8	22:00–22:59	11 hrs
9	23:00–23:59	10 hrs

Table 4 has no flight-count column — start time alone determines the maximum FDP.

Acclimatization for Table Lookup (§700.28(5))

Time Zone Difference	Acclimatization Requirement
Less than 4 hours	Required rest provided AND 72 hours spent in same time zone
4 hours or more	Required rest provided AND 96 hours spent in same time zone
Any difference	24 hours per hour of difference from last acclimatized location

If not acclimatized, use local time at the last acclimatized location (§700.19(2)) for table lookup. Unlike Part 117, there is no flat 30-minute FDP reduction for non-acclimatized crew.

Canadian time zones (§700.28(7)): Pacific, Mountain, Central, Eastern, and Atlantic (including Newfoundland and Labrador).

Maximum Hours of Work (§700.29)

Time Period	Maximum
365 consecutive days	2,200 hours
28 consecutive days	192 hours
7 consecutive days (standard conditions)	60 hours
7 consecutive days (extended conditions)	70 hours

Conditions for 60-hour/7-day limit (§700.29(1)(c)): Air operator must provide (i) 1 single day free from duty in any 168 consecutive hours, AND (ii) 4 single days free from duty in any 672 consecutive hours.

70-hour/7-day limit (§700.29(1)(d)): More restrictive — requires 120 consecutive hours free from duty (including 5 consecutive local nights' rest) in any 504 consecutive hours, AND crew member is not assigned early/late/night duty, not assigned FDP > 12 hours, and has max 24 hours of work in any consecutive 48 hours.

Hours of work for reserve/standby (§700.29(3)): Reserve availability period = 33% of period time. Standby = 100% of standby time.

Rest Period Requirements

§700.40 — General Rest Periods

At home base:

Option	Rest Required
Standard	12 consecutive hours
With travel time	11 hours + travel time to/from rest location
Suitable accommodation provided	10 hours in that accommodation

Away from home base: 10 hours in suitable accommodation (standard).

§700.40(2) — Overtime rest extension: If duty exceeds the §700.28 max FDP by ≥1 hour, rest period must be the longer of: (a) the max FDP plus the overage amount, or (b) the standard §700.40(1) minimum.

§700.41 — Disruptive Schedules (CARs-specific)

One local night's rest required between: (a) end of late duty or night duty and the following early duty, or (b) end of early duty and the following late/night duty. Exception: does not apply when local time differs by more than 4 hours from last acclimatized location.

§700.42 — Time Zone Difference Rest

When FDP ends away from home base:

Time Zone Difference	Rest Required
4 hours	11 consecutive hours in suitable accommodation
More than 4 hours	14 consecutive hours in suitable accommodation

When FDP ends at home base (returning from different time zone):

TZ Diff	Away Duration	WOCL in FDP?	Required Rest
4 hours	> 36 hrs	—	13 consecutive hours
> 4 and ≤ 10 hours	≤ 60 hrs	No	1 local night's rest
> 4 and ≤ 10 hours	> 60 hrs	—	2 local nights' rest
> 4 and ≤ 10 hours	Any	Yes	2 local nights' rest
> 10 hours	≤ 60 hrs	—	2 local nights' rest
> 10 hours	> 60 hrs	—	3 local nights' rest

§700.43 — Rest After Positioning

FDP + Positioning Excess	Required Rest
Max FDP exceeded by ≤ 3 hours	= Total hours of work (FDP + positioning)
Max FDP exceeded by > 3 hours	= Total hours of work plus the amount of excess

Rest shall not be shorter than the §700.40(1) minimum in any case. Positioning exceeding the max FDP by >3 hours requires crew member consent (§700.43(3)), and the total may not exceed the max FDP by more than 7 hours.

Augmented Crew Operations (§§700.60–700.62)

§700.60 — Augmented FDP Table

vs. Part 117: CARs §700.60 table is structured by additional crew members and rest facility class (start time is irrelevant). Part 117 Table C varies by start time × total crew × rest class.

Item	Max FDP	Additional Crew	Rest Facility
1	14 hrs	1	Class 3
2	15 hrs	1	Class 1 or Class 2
3	15.25 hrs	2	Class 3
4	16.5 hrs	2	Class 2
5	18 hrs	2	Class 1

In-flight rest requirements (§700.60(2)):

Number of Flights	In-Flight Rest Requirement
1 flight	All crew members provided with in-flight rest in a rest facility
2 or 3 flights	Crew flying final landing → 2 consecutive hours; all other crew → 90 consecutive minutes

In-flight rest window (§700.60(6)): Between reaching 3,048 m (10,000 ft) above aerodrome elevation and 15 minutes before scheduled beginning of descent.

Post-extended-FDP rest (§700.60(7)): If FDP extended under §700.60, rest must be the longer of: (a) the duration of duty just completed, or (b) 14 hours in suitable accommodation (16 hours when ending at home base).

FDP co-location rule (§700.60(4)): FDP for all crew must begin and end at the same location. Exception: for multi-flight FDPs where first flight is scheduled <105 minutes, additional crew may join after the first flight — but all must end at the same location.

§700.61 — Long-Range Flights Restriction

An air operator shall not assign an FDP that: (1) occurs within the crew member's WOCL (02:00–05:59), AND (2) includes a flight that follows a scheduled flight of more than seven hours.

§700.62 — Ultra Long-Range Hard Caps

Limit	Maximum
Maximum FDP (any operation)	18 hours
Maximum scheduled flight time of any single flight	16 hours

These are absolute caps — the 18-hour FDP remains a hard limit even under FRMS exemptions.

Reserve Operations (§700.70)

Notice Requirements

Reserve Availability Period	Notice Required
No part falls within WOCL (02:00–05:59)	≥ 12 hours before start
Any part falls within WOCL	≥ 32 hours before start

Change restrictions (§700.70(2)): Start time may not change by >2 hours earlier or >4 hours later, or >8 hours total in 168 consecutive hours (unless 2 consecutive days free from duty are provided).

Maximum reserve availability period: 14 consecutive hours. Rest between RAPs: ≥10 consecutive hours.

WOCL Extension Credit (§700.70(9))

If reserve availability period begins 02:00–05:59 and member is not contacted, reserve duty period may be extended by the shorter of: 2 hours, or 50% of the RAP time falling within 02:00–05:59.

Split Flight Duty (§700.50)

Break Time Period	FDP Extension Credit
Break during 00:00–05:59	100% of (break duration − 45 minutes)
Break during 06:00–23:59	50% of (break duration − 45 minutes)
UOC replanning after FDP begins	50% of (break duration − 45 minutes)

Minimum break: 60 consecutive minutes in suitable accommodation. Night duty restriction: split duty extension allowed for maximum 3 consecutive nights (§700.50(3)).

Unforeseen Operational Circumstances (§700.63)

Operation Type	Max Extension
Single-pilot	+1 hour
Non-augmented	+2 hours
Augmented — 1 flight in FDP	+3 hours
Augmented — 2 or 3 flights in FDP	+2 hours

UOC must occur within 60 minutes of FDP start. Post-extension rest must be extended by at least the same amount as the extension. Pilot-in-command must notify the air operator after an extended FDP.

Cumulative Limitations Summary

Parameter	Limit	CARs Reference
Max flight time / 24 hrs (single pilot)	8 hrs	§700.27(1)(d)
Max flight time / 28 days	112 hrs	§700.27(1)(a)
Max flight time / 90 days	300 hrs	§700.27(1)(b)
Max flight time / 365 days	1,000 hrs	§700.27(1)(c)
Max hours of work / 7 days (standard)	60 hrs	§700.29(1)(c)
Max hours of work / 7 days (extended)	70 hrs	§700.29(1)(d)
Max hours of work / 28 days	192 hrs	§700.29(1)(b)
Max hours of work / 365 days	2,200 hrs	§700.29(1)(a)

vs. Part 117 cumulative limits: Part 117 tracks flight time (100/672 hrs; 1,000/365 days — §117.23(b)) and FDP hours (60/168 hrs; 190/672 hrs — §117.23(c)). CARs tracks flight time and hours of work (not FDP hours) as the cumulative metrics.

Notes

FDP table lookup must use acclimatized local time; if not acclimatized, use local time at last acclimatized location.
Positioning (deadhead) is not counted as a flight for table column selection, but does affect rest requirements (§700.43) and hours of work.
Reserve availability period = 33% of period time for hours of work; standby = 100%.
FRMS exemptions (§§700.200–700.234) cannot override the 1,000 hrs/year flight time limit, 2,200 hrs/year hours of work, §700.36 home base, §700.37 nutrition break, or §700.62 ultra-long-range caps.
Use TimeZoneInfo.ConvertTime for all DST-aware arithmetic — no manual offset math.

Source: Canadian Aviation Regulations (CARs), SOR/96-433, Part VII, Division III. Consolidated through SOR/2025-226. Always verify against the current version at laws-lois.justice.gc.ca.